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The aim of this paper is to study the relation between banks' ownership structure and their risk-taking behavior. Additionally, we examine the impact of banking regulation on banks' approach to taking risk. The empirical analysis considers a sample of listed banks from EU countries over the period of 2011 to 2016. We found that the structure of the board of directors can influence bank risk behavior but not the ownership concentration. No significant relation was found between the influence of the regulatory environment and bank risk, i.e., stricter regulation has no effect on risk taking by banks. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Public interest in complementary and alternative medicine has been increased worldwide, due to its wide applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Cordycepin is one of the most common and crucial types of complementary and alternative medicine. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), a derivative of adenosine, was first isolated from medicine drug Cordyceps militaris. Cordycepin has been widely used as one compound for antitumor, which has been found to exert antiangiogenic, anti-metastatic, and antiproliferative effects, as well as inducing apoptosis. However, the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is not well known. This review will clarify anti-tumor mechanisms of Cordycepin, which regulate signaling pathways related with tumor growth and metastasis. Cordycepin inhibit tumor growth via upregulating tumor apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest and targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cordycepin regulates tumor microenvironment via suppressing tumor metastasis-related pathways. Thus, Cordycepins may be one of important supplement or substitute medicine drug for cancer treatment.

The death of child passengers was one of the leading causes of death among children fatally injured on roads in China. Child restraint can effectively protect child passengers. Mandatory child restraint law has been enacted locally in Shanghai and Shenzhen, two major cities in China. In order to understand the public attitude on national legislation in these cities, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a sample of parents/caregivers with a child aged 0–6 years and own private car from Shanghai and Shenzhen. We used descriptive statistics to describe the distribution of parental awareness and attitudes towards the legislation of child restraint. There were less than 50% parents who were aware of the local legislation of child restraint use. Even though only around 20% of parents were able to respond accurately to the age standard in legislation, among those who knew of the legislation, most of the parents understood that the law had enforcement measures. More than 70% of parents supported the national legislation of child restraint use, and, among them, around 70% supported enforcement and punishment. Thus, the study provided supportive evidence for national legislation, but it also put forward that the work of popularizing law should be strengthened.

There remains limited literature to facilitate understanding of healthy ageing-related policies in China over the last five-year policy planning cycle. This study aims to characterise all relevant policies and identifies the policy gaps from a health system perspective. A scoping review framework was used. A thorough search for healthy ageing-related policies was performed on the websites of all government ministries affiliated with the Chinese State Council. Essential information was extracted and mapped to an integrated framework of the World Health Organization's Health System Building Blocks and the Chinese 13(th) Five-Year Plan for Healthy Ageing. A total of 12471 policy documents were identified, while 99 policy documents were included. There were 14 ministries involved in the generation of policies, but multisectoral collaboration between the ministries remained limited. National Health Commission and Ministry of Civil Affairs were the leading ministries. Promoting the integration of medical services and older people care was most frequently addressed within these policies. Applying the health system perspective, governance and financing were often addressed, but there were limited policies on other components of the health system. The findings of this study support four policy recommendations: (1) to enhance multisectoral collaboration in policy development; (2) to strengthen health system building blocks, including healthcare workforce, service delivery, health information, and medical products and technologies; (3) to establish a consolidated policy system centered on the national healthy ageing plan; (4) to formulate a national implementation work plan to promote an integrated health care model for older people.

BACKGROUND: China has made tremendous progresses in serving the needs of its people living with rare diseases in the past decade, especially over the last 5 years. The Chinese government's systematic approach included a series of coordinated initiatives, amongst these are: forming the Rare Disease Expert Committee (2016), funding the "Rare Diseases Cohort Study" (2016–2020), and publishing its first "Rare Disease Catalog" (2018). Herein, we present the National Rare Diseases Registry System (NRDRS)—China's first national rare diseases registry, and the analysis of cases registered in the first 5 years ending Dec 31, 2020. RESULTS: The total 62,590 cases covered 166 disease/disease types, forming 183 disease cohorts. The data from nearly 22% of them (13,947 cases) is also linked to valuable biological samples. The average age of definitive diagnosis was 30.88 years; 36.07% of cases were under 18 years of age. Regional distribution analysis showed 60% of cases were from the more developed, wealthier East and North China, suggesting the local availability of quality care and patients' financial status were key access factors. Finally, 82.04% of cases were registered from the five clinical departments: Neurology, Endocrine, Hematology, Cardiovascular, and Nephrology, suggesting that either these are most affected by rare diseases, or that there were disease non-specific ascertainment factors. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary analysis of the first 5-year's data provides unique and valuable insight on rare disease distribution in China, and higlights the directions for enhancing equity, scale and utility. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02130-7.

TonEBP is a key transcriptional activator of M1 phenotype in macrophage, and its high expression is associated with many inflammatory diseases. During the progression of the inflammatory responses, the M1 to M2 phenotypic switch enables the dual role of macrophages in controlling the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Here we report that in human and mouse M1 macrophages TonEBP suppresses IL-10 expression and M2 phenotype. TonEBP knockdown promoted the transcription of the IL-10 gene by enhancing chromatin accessibility and Sp1 recruitment to its promoter. The enhanced expression of M2 genes by TonEBP knockdown was abrogated by antagonism of IL-10 by either neutralizing antibodies or siRNA-mediated silencing. In addition, pharmacological suppression of TonEBP leads to similar upregulation of IL-10 and M2 genes. Thus, TonEBP suppresses M2 phenotype via downregulation of the IL-10 in M1 macrophages. ; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Korea government (MEST) NRF-2011-0020163 NRF-2012R1A1A2043693 NRF-2011-0029697 Research Fund of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology 1.110015.01 Global PhD Fellowship of Korea NRF-2014H1A2A1019656

Understanding the regulation of normal and malignant human hematopoiesis requires comprehensive cell atlas of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulatory microenvironment. Here, we develop a tailored bioinformatic pipeline to integrate public and proprietary single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. As a result, we robustly identify for the first time 14 intermediate cell states and 11 stages of differentiation in the endothelial and mesenchymal BM compartments, respectively. Our data provide the most comprehensive description to date of the murine HSC-regulatory microenvironment and suggest a higher level of specialization of the cellular circuits than previously anticipated. Furthermore, this deep characterization allows inferring conserved features in human, suggesting that the layers of microenvironmental regulation of hematopoiesis may also be shared between species. Our resource and methodology is a stepping-stone toward a comprehensive cell atlas of the BM microenvironment. ; We would like to thank the staff of the flow cytometry core, the advances genomic lab, and the animal facility at CIMA Universidad de Navarra for their invaluable technical and intellectual assistance. We are particularly grateful to the healthy volunteers who donated bone marrow tissue for this study. We also acknowledge Ali O. Balubaid's help in writing. We would like to acknowledge Miguel Cocera-Fernandez's contribution to the Graphical Abstract. ; Funded by grants from The Spanish Government, through project PID2019-111192GA-I00 (MICINN) to DGC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-financed by FEDER: PI16/02024, PI17/00701 and PI19/01352, TRANSCAN EPICA AC16/00041, CIBERONC CB16/12/00489; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa (TERCEL RD16/0011/0005); Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (RTHALMY SAF2017-92632-EXP); Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra 40/2016 and Departamento de Desarrollo Económico y Empresarial (AGATA 0011-1411-2020-000010 and 0011-1411-2020-000013). The study was also ...